The Ancient City of Ephesus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is not only one of Turkey's but also one of the world's most significant archaeological sites. Welcoming millions of visitors each year, Ephesus was the capital of the Roman Empire and a prominent port city, carrying its grandeur to the present day. Located in the Selçuk district of İzmir, this unique open-air museum offers countless treasures. Here are the 10 must-see places in Ephesus.

1. Library of Celsus: The Symbol of Ephesus

The first structure that comes to mind when Ephesus is mentioned is undoubtedly the Library of Celsus. Completed in 117 AD, this magnificent building is one of the three largest libraries of the ancient world. With its two-story façade, statue niches, and impressive architecture, the library turns golden at sunset, making it an indispensable stop for photography enthusiasts. Known to have housed over 12,000 scrolls in antiquity, this structure was also designed as the monumental tomb of the Roman Governor Tiberius Julius Celsus.

2. The Great Theater: A 25,000-Seat Massive Stage

One of the most magnificent structures in Ephesus is the Great Theater. Carved into the hillside, this colossal building is one of the largest open-air theaters of the ancient world, with a capacity of 25,000 people. It is believed that St. Paul preached here. From the top steps of the theater, it is possible to see the Harbor Street and the entire city from a bird's-eye view.

3. Temple of Artemis: One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Although only a single column remains today, the Temple of Artemis is one of the places you must visit during your trip to Ephesus. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, this temple once boasted 127 columns, proclaiming its magnificence to the entire world. Located on the way to the House of the Virgin Mary, this area is fascinating with its historical texture.

4. The House of the Virgin Mary (Meryemana): A Sacred Site of Christianity

Located on Mount Bülbül in Selçuk, the House of the Virgin Mary is a sacred site where, according to Christian belief, Mary spent her last days. Visited by the Pope as well, this small stone house is an important stop for both pilgrims and history enthusiasts. The wishing wall and the holy water offer visitors a spiritual experience.

5. The Terrace Houses: The Luxurious Life of the Wealthy

One of the most expensive and detailed areas of Ephesus, the Terrace Houses are luxurious residences where wealthy ancient Romans lived. Equipped with heating systems, frescoes, mosaic floors, and marble coverings, these houses shed light on the daily life of the era. Although you need to purchase a separate ticket to visit them, they are definitely worth seeing.

6. Temple of Hadrian: An Elegant Example of Corinthian Architecture

Rising on Curetes Street, the Temple of Hadrian is one of the best-preserved structures in Ephesus. Dedicated to Roman Emperor Hadrianus, the relief of Tyche (Goddess of Luck) on the arched entrance is particularly striking. It is an unparalleled stop for those especially interested in architectural details.

7. Harbor Street (Arcadiane): The Magnificent Boulevard of the Ancient World

Known as Harbor Street, Arcadiane is a massive 500-meter-long boulevard extending from the ancient harbor to the Great Theater. Flanked by columns on both sides, this street was even equipped with a night lighting system. As you walk, you will feel yourself right in the middle of the trade and social life of the Roman period.

8. Temple of Domitian and Monument: The First Imperial Temple

Holding the title of the first temple dedicated to a Roman emperor in Ephesus, the Temple of Domitian has survived to the present day only through its foundations and a massive statue pedestal. The Pollio Fountain, located right next to the temple, is also among the structures worth seeing.

9. Basilica of St. John: The Tomb of St. John the Apostle

Located approximately 3 km from Ephesus, the Basilica of St. John is an important pilgrimage center believed to house the tomb of St. John the Apostle, the author of the Gospel. Built by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, this magnificent basilica, although now in ruins, has an impressive atmosphere.

10. Ephesus Museum and Selçuk Castle

To reinforce what you have seen in the ancient city, be sure to visit the Selçuk Ephesus Museum. Artifacts unearthed from the Temple of Artemis, Eros statues, and the famous "Sleeping Eros" are exhibited here. Climb the nearby Selçuk Castle to see the entire Ephesus Plain and spend a day immersed in history.

Practical Information for Visiting Ephesus

• Best time to visit: Spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October) offer ideal temperatures. In summer, prefer early morning hours.
• Entrance fee: As of 2026, you need to purchase a separate ticket for the Terrace Houses. The Museum Card (Müzekart) is valid.
• Transportation: You can reach Selçuk by Havaş shuttle from İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport or by train, then walk or take a taxi to the ancient city.
• What to bring: Sunscreen, a hat, comfortable shoes, and water (shaded areas are scarce in the ancient city).

These top 10 must-see places in Ephesus take you far beyond just an ancient city tour. In this region, where you can see Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman traces together, Ephesus is like an open-air history book. With a different legend on every street and a different story in every stone, Ephesus awaits everyone who wants to touch history.